CLC’s team, led by Mr. Panagiotis Kouvatsos, BSc International Business Erasmus University, INSEAD MiM’27, mentored and supervised our students Theodora Kosmopoulou, Lambros Petrou, Petros Kalogerakis, and Konstantinos Tsirikos, to carry out a research project on the 2025 U.S. Tariffs and actions of the European Union.
This paper examines how the EU can respond effectively to the United States’ imposition of a sweeping series of tariffs and unilateral measures without compromising internal cohesion or undermining its position as a global advocate for rules-based trade. Through a thematic analysis of five key areas—external economic strategy, internal economic resilience, strategic communication, stakeholder coordination, and the risks of inaction—the paper draws on historical precedents, institutional mechanisms, and policy literature to evaluate the Union’s options.
